What does CRUD stand for in SQL operations?

• A. Create, Read (Select), Update, Delete
• B. Create, Read, Update, Remove
• C. Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete
• D. Create, Read (Select), Update, Delete

Answer: (D)

CRUD is about four basic operations on stored data: creating new records, reading existing data, updating records, and deleting records. In SQL, these map directly to specific statements: CREATE for creating objects like tables, SELECT for reading data, UPDATE for modifying existing rows, and DELETE for removing rows. The phrasing that pairs Read with (Select) makes it crystal clear that reading data in SQL is done with the SELECT statement, which is why that option fits best. Other wordings, such as using Remove instead of Delete or Retrieve instead of Read, don’t align with the standard SQL terminology and the well-established CRUD mapping.